hope and freedom and took part in a number of events all over the world. Cambridge Underwater Exploration Group, Salamis Survey 1974. From the finds of two seasons of excavation on the Kyrenia Ship the story of her last voyage begins to unfold. D. Blackman, 141179. The ship is a really well preserved example of its type with 75% of it still intact. V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides, 139188. Using a compressed-air-driven underwater saw, this side was separated into manageable pieces of approximately one by two meters. Penn Museum 2023 Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help / Contact / Copyright / Disclaimer / Privacy /, Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help. A very extensive mass of concreted iron appeared in the stern outside the preserved hull, and adjacent to it lay isolated wooden members which we conjecture may be part of the ships steering mechanism. Due to the All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of. A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. A diver would then attach a line from the barge and fill the lifting balloon. The Kyrenia ship was a small Greek merchantman which sank off the north coast of Cyprus late in the fourth century B. C. Its timbers have been reconstructed in Kyrenia, Cyprus, where it is displayed along with cargo and artifacts from the wreck. In the kitchen area wooden utensils and spoons, small bottles of olive oil and glass bottles were found. The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. For his program the Institute for Photogrammetry and Topography at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop. The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294-291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Michael Katzev. The University Museum undertook the second campaign of excavation on the Kyrenia shipwreck with the very kind permission of the Department of Antiquities of the Republic of Cyprus. General consensus is that the ship had been away trading and was returning to Kyrenia either because this was its home port or in order to carry on trading and may have sunk due to its age and being hit by a storm. The Kyrenia ship was built in the early 4 th century B.C. REF4242, Reconstructing the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). Kryrenia reconstruction sailing in the Aegean sea. The data is for informational purposes only and VesselFinder is not responsible for the accuracy and reliability of W KYRENIA data. After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia Crusader Castle on Cyprus. The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. During 1985-6 she underwent sea trials and then undertook two experimental sea voyages from Piraeus to Cyprus and back in 1987. Yet, from the construction of her hull we are already learning a great deal about the skills and techniques which the Greeks applied to their civic and domestic wooden architecture. Part of Springer Nature. Kyrenia actually represents the first Greek ship where we see 100% pegged mortise and tenon construction - but it was built with a few recycled planks that show lacing holes. Borne by the prevailing winds, she would have turned eastward in search of a market for her Rhodian wine. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. Pavos Valavanis and David Hardy. sand. 6), Nara, the old Japanese capital, for the Silk Road Exhibition, Seville for the World Fair, Hamburg for its 700 years commemoration and ten different Greek towns. Katzev, M. 1981. The study of this vessel, the only well preserved fourth century B. C. ship, clearly establishes the methodology involved in the fabrication of these complex wooden structures. Steffy, J.R. 1985. REF4234, Celebrating after the hull's reconstruction (Photo: Susan Katzev). It is now exhibited in the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle. It was built by joining its outer planks first using copper spikes and then building its internal struts which is the opposite way to the way modern ships are constructed. Fifty-four archaeologists, divers and other scientists worked for three years in order to raise, reassemble and finally display the ship at the Castle of Kyrenia, thus reviving its history and linking the era of Alexander the Great and ancient Cyprus with the present. The Kyrenia ship, so named when it was discovered in 1964 largely intact one mile north of the northern Cypriot town of Kyrenia, is the best preserved small Greek merchant ship ever found. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. in Piraeus on June 22, 1985. However, the collection was at serious risk of damage and a programme of conservation was required in order to preserve it. An unexpected refinement aboard the Kyrenia merchantman is an inkwell found adhering to the concretion of iron in the stern. Archaeological Context. Matthew Harpster . 389 (44) BC. Sank, 288 (62) BC. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC ancient Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. We were fortunate that more than 50% of the staff were members returning from the previous summer. Again some of the jars contained almonds. The survey and excavation of the site was directed by We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Katzev, M. 1974. Hello! 6), Nara, the old Japanese capital, for the Silk Road Exhibition, Seville for the World Fair, Hamburg for its 700 years commemoration and ten different Greek towns. Another part of the cargo comprised 9000 almonds in jars. 72-79. Google Scholar. E-mail: [emailprotected], Data Privacy Policy | Website Privacy Notice. Kyrenia II: Building a replica of an ancient Greek merchantman. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) The survey and excavation of the site was directed by Michael Katzev between 1967 and 1969. was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. Early in August it was clear that the hull could be entirely exposed and made ready for lifting by the middle of September. Early Hellenistic. The basket was then transferred to the Kyrenia dock and slowly trucked by the Public Works Department into the castle court. REF4236, Diver inspecting the site (Photo: Susan Katzev). Country/Region. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. There are only the storms which sweep in without warning against this unprotected coast. The Kyrenia Ship was excavated in the late 1960s and dates to the 3rd Century BC. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, eBook Packages: Springer Reference HistoryReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Ever since, "Kyrenia II has become the symbol of The "Kyrenia II" ship Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition Mr. Harry Tzalas, with the plates, bowls, ladles, sieves, a copper cauldron, salt dishes, oil jugs, cups A curse tablet was also found on the wreckage. Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, pp. Where is the current position of W KYRENIA presently? Kyrenia II is now retired from active sailing and is displayed as a permanent exhibit in the Thalassa museum, Ayia Napia, Cyprus. We followed the procedure of the past year, diving in teams of two to six and spending forty minutes working time on the bottom each morning and thirty minutes in the afternoon. Flemming, N. 1974. I n 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. The results are being readied now for educational use, and will stand as a permanent record of the project. Four wooden spoons, four oil jugs, four salt dishes and four drinking cups recovered in the shipwreck suggest that her crew on her last voyage consisted of four seamen. Her IMO number is 9211494 and MMSI number is 538009126. The University Museums Carbon-14 analysis of the almonds points to a date of 288 +/- 62 B. C.; yet the same dating method indicates that the trees used for the ships planking were cut in 389 44 B.C. For the absence of any cache of precious coins, personal possessions, or skeletal remains suggests the crew did have time to gather up its belongingsand the captain to retrieve his earnings from the voyage. However, a more permanent and less distracting arrangement needed to be made. Ed. First the ribs were removed and turned on their sides into newrigid lifting trays designed to meet their greatest length. During the previous summer we had cleared more than 300 amphoras from the upper levels, had come upon a cargo of stone grain mills beneath them, and excavateda small trench to expose a tantalizing look at the ships hull. An analysis of the experimental voyages of Kyrenia II. Next the mast step complex and keel were lifted, and finally the outer planks were cut into manageable lengths and raised. The results of both the stereo and pointing measurements are being assembled by Miss Laina Wylde into plans showing the ships original construction. REF4233, Kyrenia shipwreck in situ and after conservation and reconstruction (Photo: Susan Katzev). In REF4243, Recording the hull timbers on the seabed (Photo: Susan Katzev). 564 views Nov 5, 2014 model of the replica ship that was constructed Resurrecting an Ancient Greek Ship: Kyrenia, Cyprus, in Beneath the Seven Seas, edited by George F. Bass, pp. ), we have managed to learn about the traditional method of ship construction of that time, which included the ancient carpenters first building the external part of the ship known as planking, before building the interior and the oarlocks which in turn constituted the ships structure. It has allowed archaeologists to learn much more about the form and handling abilities of these now-vanished ships. The archaeology, led by the late Michael Katzev and now being completed by Susan Katzev, showed that sometime around 306 B.C., the ship, with a four-person crew from Rhodes, was overcome and sank in what seems to have been a pirate attack that left eight iron spear points embedded in the hull. Approximately one-third aft the bow, the intricately carved mast step was located. http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-kyrenia-shipwreck/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrenia_ship. In Cyprus and the sea, ed. Towards this end the excavation opened its storeroom temporarily to groups in the company of the castle custodian. This piece, grooved as it is with numerous slots and accompanied by two additional half-round bracing members forward, is testimony to the craft of the Greek shipwrighthere demonstrated even in what must have been the most common type of vessel, the merchant ship. After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia Crusader Castle on Cyprus. Thus, the log of our merchant vessel might have told us of a trading ship sailing southward along the Anatolian coast, threading her way through the Dodecanese islands. To the projects additional sponsors: the Cook Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Cyprus Mines Corporation, Oberlin College, and the Houghton-Carpenter Foundation, we wish to extend our thanks. Copyright 1985 by the Archaeological Institute of America. All of the artifacts recovered in from http://www.shipping.gov.cy/history/kyrenia_ii.htm. REF4245, Recording timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). In combination with the staff photographer, Hale recorded and plotted to an accuracy of0.02 meters the wooden hull asit was uncovered. Philadelphia, PA 19104 Furthermore, a CrossRef Parts of four wooden spoons and a lathe-turned wooden bowl in fragmentary condition complete the dining utensils. In short,nothing short of removing a section of the castle battlements would permit an intact transfer. Another part of the cargo comprised 9000 almonds in jars. No one can really say for sure but finding the ship has added an immense amount of knowledge to scholars and tells us more about shipbuilding from this ancient era. We have reason to believe that they abandoned ship and made an attempt to reach shore. Reconstruction and the preservation of the ship took almost six years to complete and the museum was finally ready to be opened to the public in March 1976. Published 5 years ago Cars & vehicles 3D Models Cultural heritage & The vessel itself was a Greek merchant ship and had a cargo of as many as 500 amphoras which belonged to ten different shape types. amphorae used for wine carrying and for the storage of almonds. A possible source for the volcanic grain mill blocks is the island of Kos. best-preserved ship of the Classical period of Greek civilisation ever found to Domestic pottery was also The site extended about nineteen meters in length and ten meters wide. The radio carbon date on the Found on board was nearly 400 amphorae for storing wine, grain mill stones for producing grain, almonds, lead weights for fishing and one coin. boatyard in Athens, Greece. So, it was decided to dismantle the larger western side of the hull on the bottom, and raise each piece separately. However, as with so many of the rather unique objects from the vessel, their function may be known only after further study. In 1967, Cariolou contacted Michael and Susan Katzev and guided them to the wreck which sat 90 feet below the surface. The ancient Greeks passed the Greek culture and civilization down to the entire world. 2023 Archaeology Magazine, a Publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. It was found one mile off the north coast of Kyrenia in November 1965 by a local diver and Stereo-mapping continued throughout the excavation for recording the find positions of the remaining amphoras, grain mill blocks, and smaller cabin objects. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. 27 stones for hopper-type grain mills had been stacked in three rows along the axis of the ship to serve as ballast. Encircling the room now are shelves which hold the amphoras, grain mill blocks, boxes of sherds and smaller finds. Adding weight to this supposition are three new oil jugs (gutti), combining with the single example from 1968 to total four, and four small echinus bowls or salt dishes. Fax: 22818228 Required fields are marked *. , constituted its main cargo. The choice was now before us whether to rebury the wood for the winter (as previously planned) or toraise it in the remaining weeks of calm weather. Since the finds point to an interesting and rarely-illustrated aspect of Mediterranean history, it was felt that the public should not be denied some view of the material. REF4246, Steffy holding a timber after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). As much as 50% of the original wood remained. American Journal of Archaeology 89: 71101. Katzev, M. 1975. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Vessel W KYRENIA is a cargo ship sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. A break in the ships keel had been fixed, and the hull was protected with pitch and a skin of lead sheathing, added towards the end of her life. Many were the companies, individuals, and government agencies on Cyprus who contributed their help to the project. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign of five months. The ship is approximately 47 feet in length and 15 feet wide. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. The Kyrenia Ship is the earliest example of lead sheathing ever being used on a ship. Protecting maritime heritage in disputed territory: The Kyrenia Shipwreck Collection Restoration Program. Michael Katzev of the American Hence the Kyrenia Ship was probably more than eighty years old the day she sank. 1974. At the bow the construction changes. REF4237, Kyrenia hull insitu (Photo: Susan Katzev). Franais : pave de navire marchand grec antique retrouv Kyrenia (Chypre). The surviving internal structure included ceiling, cross-beams, and a mast step. Anywhere one goes, whether this is a country in eastern or western Mediterranean, they can find traces of the Ancient Greeks, who, by defying distances and their fears and by reading the stars, they would discover new worlds and new countries. Get the details of the current Voyage of W KYRENIA including Position, Port Calls, Destination, ETA and Distance travelled - IMO 9211494, MMSI 538009126, Call Sign V7A4351 Ten distinct amphora shapes on board suggest other ports of call, such as Samos in the north. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. Cyprus underwater archaeological search, 1967. Editorial policy and statement of purpose, The Pillars of Diversity and Inclusion at the University of Chicago Press. and wooden spoons. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. So, using seven air lifts of varying sizes, we began clearing a three-meter-wide trench around the area excavated the year before. Important UN General Assembly Resolutions. At the same time, almonds were being found outside amphoras, resting in masses within the hull. The ship itself was remarkably well preserved alongside elements of the rigging, sail, ballast and an anchor. REF4254, e-mail: info@nauticalarch.org phone: 979.845.6694. The heritage of ancient harbour engineering in Cyprus, the Levant. Nor did we know how far the ships small objects of wood or pottery had been thrown when the vessel jolted to its final resting place on the sea bottom. Deutsch: The Kyrenia ship. Paramount in our considerations was concern for the optimum conservation of the wood. 1970. Main ship particulars are length of 300 m and beam of 43 m. Maps below show the following voyage data - Present Location, NExt port, Estimated (ETA) and Prediced Time of The vessel is en route to NINGBO OPL, sailing at a speed of 14.0 knots and expected to arrive there on Dec 23, 08:00 . Position & Voyage Data Track on Map Add Photo Add to fleet NINGBO OPL ETA: Dec 23, 08:00 Ningbo Anch., China ATA: Dec 23, 09:56 UTC Map position & Weather Newer position via Satellite By the end of May the diving barge was reanchored over the wreck, and the site cleared of the sand and plastic sheets which had been laid over it as winter protection at the end of the 1968 excavation. 29 millstones were laden on over the keel in three rows and also served as ballast. Covering the ship with silt would not be sufficient to arrest this totally nor to insure that marine life would not attack the wood anew. The Kyrenia shipwreck was first discovered in 1965 by town councilman Andreas Cariolou. A fourth bronze coin appeared amidst the weights from the second net just forward of the cabin. That they, too, served in the ships rigging is a strong possibility. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign The challenge of building a seagoing hull capable of many years of service was, as the Kyrenia Ship demonstrates, ably answered by her designers. 2023 Institute of Nautical Archaeology. The excavation of this site revealed a very well-preserved assemblage containing amphorae from Chios, Samos, and Rhodes, a collection of personal items suggesting the presence of a captain and a crew of three on board at the time of loss and the remains of approximately 6070% of the original hull. a ship later known as the "Kyrenia Ship". Among the cargo recovered were There are no submerged reefs or treacherous capes in sight. It is now exhibited in the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle where it remains on exhibit.The sinking of the Kyrenia could have been caused by many factors, but evidence suggests that piracy and old age contributed to the ships fate. Springer, Cham. How many years did our ship sail before her destruction? 215.898.4000. There is no evidence of fire or piracy. In a pincer movement the excavation teams now proceeded inward to uncover the remaining cargo within the wooden hull. The discovery of the ancient shipwreck of Kyrenia, as well as the scientific studies which followed and still continue to be conducted, created an important opportunity for the ancient naval architecture and navigation to be studied. 331340. Katzev, M., and S. Katzev. Carbon 14 dating of the ships planking and also of its cargo suggests that the ship was about 80 years old when she sank. The Kyrenians, just like all other Cypriots, would gain their freedom even after centuries of slavery by not losing their faith in God and their will. 1973. The wood then went into one large fresh-water bath. and is the oldest Greek vessel ever discovered. at China Coast reported 23 days ago by AIS. Kyrenia ship. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. Belryan( talk) 14:44, 4 October 2007 (UTC) [ reply] Category Museums in Northern Cyprus [ edit] This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 08:19. The task of carefully removing the ship from the seabed took a couple of years. In cooperation with the National Geographic Society Mr. Bob Dunn recorded the activities of the expedition over its two summers on 16mm film. Among the weights to the port side of the cabin were found a seal impression in lead depicting Athena Promachos and three bronze coins. Early in the season small fragments of thin lead sheets with bronze tacks were also found, and later, larger sheets were uncovered, indicating that the Greek ship had been covered in a sheathing of lead to protect its hull against marine life. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. National Geographic Society Research Reports 13, pp. Ninety-six amphoras whole and fragmentary were excavated, bringing the ships total to 403 lifted in the two campaigns. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. The remaining hull was raised, conserved and reconstructed. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. coins. The replica was named Kyrenia II and was launched As the ships hull began to emerge, photogrammetrist Mr. Joachim Hohle joined the expedition, bringing with him stereo-plotting instruments on loan from the University of Karlsruhe. Turkish invasion this magnificent testimony of ancient shipbuilding is presently Recovered also was a considerable spillage of pottery from the fore and aft cabin areas of the ship, which indicated that the vessel had indeed impacted on the bottom with considerable force. Cyprus/Kyrenia Mountains and North Coast. It is important to note that, 75% of the ship, that measures 15 metres in At the stone quarry, probably on the island of Kos, masons carved letters of identification on the sides of these stones. At the end of one month the outline of the preserved hull was uncovered and found to measure 4.8 x 11.4 meters. The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas.. She hasvirtually completed restoration of the 1968 finds and is at present working on the considerable amount of material recovered in 1969. Cape Andreas expedition, 1969. Thus, it will form a most interesting segment in the final study of the merchant ship, bearing, as it does, on both ancient milling technology and trade patterns within the Classical world. REF4249, Steffy recording a timber (Photo: Susan Katzev). Period. However, it sank just three miles from the port. Category:Kyrenia shipwreck. New York and London, 2005. Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. the sea outside the town of Kyrenia, the trails of a unique relic of antiquity, Katzev, Susan Womer. Das Schiff von Kyrenia. 163173. REF4247, Steffy inspecting a timber (Photo: Susan Katzev). In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Crossref reports no articles citing this article. Cariolou, while diving for sponges, came upon a mound of 80 amphoras less than a mile from Kyrenia on the north coast of Cyprus. Once the ship had been completely cleared of its contents, it was seen to be remarkably intact. REF4240, Model in progress (Photo: Susan Katzev). Important new technical details are revealed, and fresh insights concerning the economics of classical trading ventures can be gleaned from the chronology established for hull maintenance and repairs. Amidships and resting directly on the hull were ten double knobs, resembling yo-yos. President of the Kyrenia Chrysokava Cultural Foundation, Telephone: 22818040 Correspondence to Period. The more than 9,000 almonds recovered in this way suggest that the nuts were mainly being transported aboard theexcavated collection of milling stones of the hopper design. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The sinking of the Kyrenia could have been caused by many factors, but evidence suggests that piracy and old age contributed to the ships fate. The accomplishments of the 1969 expedition are the direct product of its spirited crew. Katzev oversaw the research of the collection well until his death in 2001; his wife, Susan Katzev, has been leading those efforts since. The Kyrenian sea kept it tightly into its arms for more than two thousand years, until our compatriot late Andreas Kariolou discovered it opposite the coast of Chrysokava in 1965. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. Of the ten distinct amphora shapeseach perhaps representing a different port of callwe can now identify two types positively: those of Samos and Rhodes. The ship was quite old when it was sunk, possibly as much as 80 years old. number of querns were found possibly being carried as ballast as well as bronze This represented a considerable increase over the 1968 campaign. The University Museums excavation of the wreck spanned two summers from 1968 to 1969 and recovered cargo, dining wares, tools, ships rigging, and even four bone eyelets from a sailors sandals. Franais : L' pave de Kyrnia est un navire grec This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. Most of the amphoras were Rhodian in origin and date to the final third of the 4thcentury B.C. Italiano: Nave di Kyrenia. Between the preserved hull in the stern and the concretion lay a marble columnarpedestal, its context on shipboard yetan enigma. Now, twenty-two centuries later, she will serve us as a monument unique in the history of seafaring. REF4232, Michael Katzev and J. Richard Steffy working on the lines drawing (Photo: Susan Katzev). The entire outer surface of the preserved hull was found sheathed with lead affixed by regular rows of copper tacks. recovered in the bow area, possibly belonging to the crew, and consisting of used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. This manual technique was capable of both planar and depth measurements and yielded an accuracy comparable to the stereo method. For more information on cookies, please read our. That she made some port on Cyprus is suggested by one of the bronze coins and perhaps also by the almonds, since Cypruswas a famous producer of almonds in antiquity. Country/Region. There the wood was washed and placed in fresh-water tanks. Ive been following your website for a while now and finally got the This we did, after intensive labeling to insure accurate reassemblage. I. TROPIS, 163175. With the original packing of mud removed, increasing amounts of oxygen were reaching the ancient hull. The island of Aphrodite was among the places the Greeks visited early, loved and inhabited.
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